• Home
  • News
  • Competition 
    • 2026 Essay Competition Results
    • 2026 Essay Competition
    • 2025 Essay Competition Results
    • 2025 Essay Competition
    • 2024 Economics Contest Results
    • 2024 Psychology Contest Results
    • 2024 Economics Essay Contest
    • 2024 Psychology Essay Contest
    • 2023 Contest Results
    • 2023 Psychology Essay Contest
    • 2022 Contest Results
    • 2022 Psychology Essay Contest
  • Latin Challenge 
    • 2025 Latin Challenge Result
    • 2025 Latin Challenge
  • SPC 
    • 2026 SPC Results
    • 2026 SPC
    • 2025 SPC Results
    • 2025 SPC
    • 2024 SPC Results
    • 2024 SPC
  • Research
  • Interview
  • Arts
  • Submission Guidelines
  • About
  • …  
    • Home
    • News
    • Competition 
      • 2026 Essay Competition Results
      • 2026 Essay Competition
      • 2025 Essay Competition Results
      • 2025 Essay Competition
      • 2024 Economics Contest Results
      • 2024 Psychology Contest Results
      • 2024 Economics Essay Contest
      • 2024 Psychology Essay Contest
      • 2023 Contest Results
      • 2023 Psychology Essay Contest
      • 2022 Contest Results
      • 2022 Psychology Essay Contest
    • Latin Challenge 
      • 2025 Latin Challenge Result
      • 2025 Latin Challenge
    • SPC 
      • 2026 SPC Results
      • 2026 SPC
      • 2025 SPC Results
      • 2025 SPC
      • 2024 SPC Results
      • 2024 SPC
    • Research
    • Interview
    • Arts
    • Submission Guidelines
    • About
  • Home
  • News
  • Competition 
    • 2026 Essay Competition Results
    • 2026 Essay Competition
    • 2025 Essay Competition Results
    • 2025 Essay Competition
    • 2024 Economics Contest Results
    • 2024 Psychology Contest Results
    • 2024 Economics Essay Contest
    • 2024 Psychology Essay Contest
    • 2023 Contest Results
    • 2023 Psychology Essay Contest
    • 2022 Contest Results
    • 2022 Psychology Essay Contest
  • Latin Challenge 
    • 2025 Latin Challenge Result
    • 2025 Latin Challenge
  • SPC 
    • 2026 SPC Results
    • 2026 SPC
    • 2025 SPC Results
    • 2025 SPC
    • 2024 SPC Results
    • 2024 SPC
  • Research
  • Interview
  • Arts
  • Submission Guidelines
  • About
  • …  
    • Home
    • News
    • Competition 
      • 2026 Essay Competition Results
      • 2026 Essay Competition
      • 2025 Essay Competition Results
      • 2025 Essay Competition
      • 2024 Economics Contest Results
      • 2024 Psychology Contest Results
      • 2024 Economics Essay Contest
      • 2024 Psychology Essay Contest
      • 2023 Contest Results
      • 2023 Psychology Essay Contest
      • 2022 Contest Results
      • 2022 Psychology Essay Contest
    • Latin Challenge 
      • 2025 Latin Challenge Result
      • 2025 Latin Challenge
    • SPC 
      • 2026 SPC Results
      • 2026 SPC
      • 2025 SPC Results
      • 2025 SPC
      • 2024 SPC Results
      • 2024 SPC
    • Research
    • Interview
    • Arts
    • Submission Guidelines
    • About

To what extent are modern economies shaped by networks rather than markets?

Sining Zhang, Ulink College of Shanghai' 28

· paper

Abstract

Despite being described as markets, modern economies essentially operate as networks. Markets determine prices but are not responsible for distributing access; networks do. When the value is not apparent and there is high risk of losses such as in jobs, lending, and contracts, it is the relationships that decide who gets the opportunity and prices just confirm it. The equilibrium is determined by transaction costs, however now artificial intelligence is altering that equilibrium. Goldfarb and Tucker illustrate that digitisation simultaneously reduced five different costs among them search and verification. Cheap verification made possible the rating systems that enable strangers to trade with confidence which explains why for thirty years it seemed like markets were absorbing networks. Generative AI reverses that equilibrium, making search costs almost nothing while at the same time verification is made costly by the fact that it has become cheap to falsify credentials, identities, and portfolios.

Download Full Article as PDF

Copyright © 2026 Scholar of Tomorrow. All SoT articles are distributed under the attribution non-commercial, with no derivative license. This means that anyone is free to share, copy, and distribute an unaltered article for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

Previous
In a world increasingly influenced by artificial...
Next
Formative Network Models: The Modern Economy and Human...
 Return to site
Cookie Use
We use cookies to improve browsing experience, security, and data collection. By accepting, you agree to the use of cookies for advertising and analytics. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Learn More
Accept all
Settings
Decline All
Cookie Settings
These cookies enable core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility. These cookies can’t be switched off.
These cookies help us better understand how visitors interact with our website and help us discover errors.
These cookies allow the website to remember choices you've made to provide enhanced functionality and personalization.
Save