Abstract
Political actions, such as domestic industrial policies and international trade agreements, have played a critical role in shaping the progress of a country’s indigenous technological innovation. This essay examines how political measures have influenced India’s efforts and results on investing in developing indigenous technologies, whether they have served to either facilitate or hinder progress. This analysis will focus on three aspects: government-led initiatives that have acted as catalysts for technological development, access of critical technologies restricted through geopolitical risks and imbalanced trade relations, and social barriers, such as the caste-based discrimination that further constrained the implementation of innovation policies. Through an investigation of cases and examples, these findings highlight the political measures that have played a double-edged role in shaping India’s development of indigenous technological innovations.
Keywords: Social Barriers, Geopolitical Risks, Domestic Industrial Policies
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